+ 講義の概要(1996, Pathology 2, Oyamada M) + 講義の概要(11/7) + 脂質代謝異常 (Baby Robbins p.17-18, 86-88, 277-285) + Learning Objectives + Define the following terms: - fatty change - familial hypercholesterolemia - oxidized LDL - xanthoma - lipophage (foam cell) - cholesterolosis - fatty ingrowth (stromal infiltration of fat) - Sudan / Oil Red O - Classify and list the extracellular and intracellular lipid accumulations that may take place; state their significance. - The student will recognize why liver cells accumulate fat during alcohol abuse, and list the classic causes of fatty change in the liver and heart respectively. - List the lipids involved in hyperlipemia; give their significance and the risk factors in atherogenesis - Outline the probable pathogenesis of atherosclerosis + Given a photomicrograph or glass slide, plus any clinical or special-stain information that may be necessary, the student will recognize: - cholesterol crystals ("needles") - stromal infiltration of fat - fatty change in the liver + 講義の概要 (11/21/96) + Diabetes mellitus - Baby Robbins (p. 569-579)を読んで、次の項目について、答えられるように準備してください。 + Learning Objectives - Define diabetes mellitus and note its classification. - Describe the essential lesion in, and typical clinical course of, type I diabetes. Outline current thinking about its etiology, cite the risk to siblings and twins, and describe the HLA association. - Describe the essential lesion in, and typical course of, type II diabetes. Describe current thinking about the pathophysiology of this illness. Mention its genetics. Identify MODY, its gene, and its pattern of inheritance. - Explain the pathophysiology of diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar nonketotic coma. - Define "secondary diabetes mellitus". Recognize the important causes. Compare the effects of hyperglycemia on the rest of the body in secondary diabetes and primary diabetes. Briefly describe amylin. - Tell why diabetics have increased polyols, and explain how this is related to complications and a new therapy. - Distinguish diabetic large and small vessel disease. Suggest why diabetics so often lose legs. Outline the common renal lesions in diabetes. - Identify the causes of blindness in diabetes. Give the anatomic pathology of the various forms of diabetic retinal disease. - Describe the things that happen to the peripheral nerves of diabetics, and what problems these cause. - Explain what is meant by "nonenzymatic glycosylation". Tell how this relates to thinking about diabetic complications, and to a blood test for diabetic control. - Recognize the following histopathologic lesions of diabetes: diabetic nodular glomerulosclerosis, diabetic arteriolar sclerosis, hepatic nuclear glycogenosis, and hyalinization (amyloid/collagen) of islets. + 講義の概要 (11/26/96) - Glycogen storage disease - Atherosclerosis + Learning Objectives - List the more common glycogen storage diseases, noting the enzyme defect, the severity of disease, and where the accumulation occurs. - List the lipids involved in hyperlipemia; give their significance and the risk factors in atherogenesis - Outline the probable pathogenesis of atherosclerosis